System of ventilation



no Model.) 2 Sheets-sheaf, 1. T. JLSIMPSON. SYSTEM OF VENTILATION,

Patented Oct. 20, 1885.

WITNESSES Attorneys.

N. PETERS, Phnln-Lilhngrnphcn Washington. D, c.

(No Model.) 2 Shets-Sheet 2. T. J. SIMPSON.

a SYSTEM OF VENTILATION. No. 328,818. Patented 001;.20, 1885.

Nrrnn Starr s Fnrnrvr tribe.

THOMAS J. SIMPSON, OF \VORTHINGTON, MINNESOTA.

SYSTEM OF VENTILATION.

EBPEGIFIIJATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 328,818, dated (Dctober 20, 1885.

Application filed July 11, 1885. Serial No. 171,316. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, THOMAS J. SIMPSON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Worthington, in the county ofNobles and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems of Ventilation; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which- Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view showing my improved system of ventilation applied to an ordinary dwelling-house structure. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal view of a railroad-car to which my improved system of ventilation has been applied. Fig. 3 is avertical sectional view on a larger scale of the ventilator. which is used in connection with this invention. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the said ventilator, illustrating the construction of the condensingfunnel; and Fig. 5 is a detail view of the air-forcing device used in connection with my invention.

The same letters refer to the same parts in all the figures.

This invention has relation to an improved system of ventilation forschools, hotels, dwelling-houses, stores, refrigerating structures,

and all other structures where ventilation is drsired; and 1t consists in the combination,

,with such structure, of an air-forcing apparatus or device for receiving pure and vitalized air from without, a system of pipes arranged and adapted to carry the pure air from the said receiving and forcing apparatus to such parts of the structure where it shall be desired to discharge it, a system of pipes arranged and adapted to carry the foul and vitiated air from the interior of the structure to a suitably-located ventilator, the ventilator or means for creating an upward or outward draft in the said exit-pipes, and a suitable flushing-tank adapted to be connected with the said pipe system for the purpose of flushing the same, when desired, so as to clean the said pipes and to supply a desirable degree of dampness, when desired, to the pure air which is conveyed into the structure for consumption, and which may be thereby, to some extent, cooled.

The invention further consists in the improved construction of the ventilator and the air-forcing apparatus used in connection with this invention, and in the improved construction and arrangement of details which will be hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings hereto annexed, A designates the building or structure to which my invention has been applied, and B is the chimney, or one of the chimneys or smokeflues of the same, to which, for the purpose of increasing and improving the draft, one of my improved ventilators may be attached, as shown at O.

D is a .pipe or fiue extending vertically through the roof of the structure, and the lower end of which is connected by a branch system of pipes, E E, with every room in the building or structure, or with such rooms or locations as it may be desired to supply with pure air. These pipes or lines may be built into the walls of the structure, or they may be arranged in. any suitable convenient manner. The branch tubes or pipes E Eare provided with stop-cocks or valves F, opening into the several rooms with which they communicate, at or near the floors of such rooms,

which may in this manner be supplied with" cool and pure air at the point from whence it is likely to be thoroughly diffused through such rooms.

G is the air receiving or forcing device, which consists, essentially, of an elbow-pipe, H, having a large funnel-shaped mouth, I, and provided with a rearwardly-extending vane, J, which, when the device is placed in position, as will be presently described, will serve to keep the said funnelshaped mouth to the wind. The said funnel-shaped mouth is provided near'its inner end with an interiorlylocated annular flange, K, which may be of any desireddimensions and be located at any desired angle to the said funnel. The bottom of the latter is provided with an annular groove or gutter, designated by letter L. The upper edges of the said groove are placed closely together, as will be clearly seen in the drawings, and the said groove or gutter extends in rear of the annular flange K, which latter may be provided with a cutaway or open portion, DI, registering with the said groove.

It will be seen that when the device is arranged for operation with the funnel-shaped mouth facing the wind the flange K will in the event of rain serve to intercept the water and prevent its being blown into the elbow pipe. The water which is deflected by the flangeKwill find itsway to the groove or gutter L, by which it will be conveyed out of the funnel, and in case of any water being blown in rear of the flange Kit will find its way into the vacuum existing behind said flange and follow'the contour of the latter to the groove or gutter, which, as stated, extends in rear of the said flange, and through which it will be conveyed out of the funnel.

The air-forcing device G is mounted pivotally upon the pipe or flue D by means of a vertical pivoting-rod, N, the lower end of which is stepped in a cross bar or brace, O, in the said pipe D, and for the upper end of which a suitable bearing is provided in the elbow-pipe of the air-forever. The pipe or flue D is provided near its upper end with a suitably-constructed annular oil-cup, P, adapted to receive the lower end of the elbow-pipe of the air-forcer, which isin turn provided with an annular flange, Q, overlapping the said oil-cup and forming a guard for the same.

'When in practice oil is placed in the cup P,

it will form a close joint or seal, which will serve effectually to exclude air and water.

R is the main exit-flue, which serves to convey the foul air from the structure, and which is located for all or the greater portion of its length within the chimney or smoke-flue B. By thus arranging it it will be seen that its contents of foul and vitiated air and gases will be heated, and thus caused to ascend iuthe exit pipe, thereby assisting and increasing the efficiency of my improved system. The main exit-pipe R has connected therewith a system of branch pipes, S S, which connect it with all the rooms and localities of the structure from whence it shall be desired to remove the vitiated air. These branch pipes are pro vided with cocks or valves T, opening into the rooms with which they communicate at or near the ceilings of such rooms, so that the vitiated air, which always ascends, shall surely find its way out when the said valves are open.

The main exit-flue is run out'of the chimney or smoke-flue near the top of the latter, as shown, and has an upright or vertical termination, as will be clearlyseen in Fig. 1 of the drawings. To this is attacheda ventilator, C, which consists of a bent or elbow pipe, U, to the elbow of which is attached a funnel, V, which is constructed like the funnel of the air-forcer, and, like the latter, provided with an interior annular flange, W, and with a pipe, which may be of any suitable length, is provided with a vane, Y, which serves to keep the face of the ventilator to the wind, and it has or terminates in a flaring or funnel-shaped flange, Z. The ventilator is attached pivotally to the upper extremity of the main exitpipe by means of a vertical shaft or pivot-ingrod, A, the lower end of which is stepped in a cross-bar, B, in the said main exit-pipe, and for the upper end of which a suitable bearing is provided within the elbow-pipe of the ventilator. The main exit-pipe is provided near its upper 'end with an annular oil-cup, 0, adapted to receive the lower end of the elbowpipe of the ventilator, which is provided with an annular flange, D, overlapping and forming a shield or guard for the said oil-cup. When oil is placed in the latter, it forms a seal, making an air and water tight joint between the main exit-pipe and the ventilator.

The operation of the ventilator will be readily understood. When the wind is blowing, it enters the funnel-shaped mouth, which condenses or concentrates the air. The air-blast forms a vacuum in the upper end of the main exit-pipe, creating an upward draft in the latter and causing the foul and vitiated air to pass out through the elbow-pipe of the ventilator. The speed of the outward passage of the foul air is accelerated by the air-blast, which, as it reaches the funnel or flange at the end of the elbow-pipe, follows the contour of the latter, thus forming a centerdraft, thereby preventing the foul air, or any portion thereof, from being forced back into the exit-pipe, as otherwise might'happen.

In one of the upper stories, or upon the roof of the structure to which the invention is applied, is located a large metallic or otherwise suitably-constructed tank, E, which is to be kept constantly filled with water. This tank is to be connected with the main vital-air pipe D by means of a pipe, F, having a stop-cock or valve, G. It will be seen that by opening the saidvcock or valve the main vital-air pipe, as well as the entire system of branch pipes connected therewith, may be flushed or flood-- ed, as may be occasionally desirable, for the purpose of cleaning or washing the pipes,

and for leaving them in a moist state, so that they shall impart a certain degree of humidity to the vital air, passing through them to the apartments of the structure. It is obvious that while the pipes are being flushed the cooks or valves opening from the branch pipes into the apartments should be closed, and only opened successively for the purpose of washing the individual branch pipes, and,when the connection with the flushing-tank has been turned off, for the purpose of draining them of water. This feature of my invention renders the pipe system particularly useful and available in case of fire, inasmuch as the water-supply is connected with every room in the building, enabling the water to be applied where it will do the most good, and unnecessary and destructive flooding of the building is avoided.

The operation of this invention will be read ily understood from the foregoing description, taken in connection with the drawings hereto annexed. Through the air-forcing device a constant current of pure air is supplied to the vital-air pipe D, whence it is distributed to all parts of the structure, the supply in each apartment being regulated by means of the cock or valve provided for the purpose. In like manner the foul and vitiated air is removed from the apartments through the main exit-pipe and its branch system, an upward current being created in said exit-pipe by means of the ventilator, and also by reason of U the said pipe being located within the chimney or smoke-flue. It will thus be seen that the invention will operate effectively even when there is no wind, provided that fires are made in the structure for cooking or other purposes, while, on the other hand, the heat is not essential to the successful operation when the weather is in the smallest degree windy. It will be seen that by opening both the fresh and foul air pipe valves in any one apartment a draft or through current will be created in such apartment, which will be use fill in carrying off lint and dust while the floor is being swept, beds made, or when for any reason the dust is offensive. At all times the atmosphere in the rooms may be kept pure and pleasant as well as healthful by properly manipulating the valves of the air entrance and exit pipes.

It is obvious that when my invention is ap plied to different structures intended and adapted to be used for different purposes, it will have to be changed and modified accord ing to the requirements of the structure to which it is applied, so far as this can be done without departing from the spirit of my invention. Thus, for instance,when the inven tion is applied to a railroad-car, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, I dispense with the water-tank or flushing-tank, and simplify the system of entrance and exit pipes to corre spond with the needs and requirements of the car to which it is applied.- In like manner, when the invention is applied to other structures I reserve the privilege of modifying and altering the arrangement of parts to suit each particular case.

Again, the construction of the airforcing device and of the ventilator may be changed or modified; notably do I reserve the privilege of using several deflecting flanges in the funnels of these devices in lieu of a single one, as has been hereinbefore described 5 or any suitable ventilator, different from the one herein described, might be used without de parting from the spirit of my invention.

The advantages of my invention will be readily appreciated by those conversant with the art of ventilation without requiring any extended explanation. The importance of supplying pure, wholesome, and vitalized air, not only to schools, hotels, hospitals, dwelling-houses, and the like, but also to stores,

warehouses, and other places where provisions and the like, whether perishable or otherwise, are kept, and of removing the foul and vitiated air from such structures cannot be overestimated, and is at this day fully recog nized by all sanitary engineers. Now, by my present invention this twofold purpose is effectively carried out, pure air is supplied and, conveyed to the very places where it 1s wanted, and foul air is removed from the very places where it is most likely to accumulate. Provision is made for the regulation of the air-supply and for the escape of the foul air, so that there shall be no unnecessary loss or waste of heat in the apartments with which the invention is connected. The described arrangement of the flushing-tank, when this is used, is very useful, especially in summer, for moistening the interior of the pipe, and consequently supplying moisture to the air passing through the said pipes.

The general construction and arrangement of the parts comprised by my invention is simple and inexpensive, and the invention may be easily applied to structures of all kinds,either during the erection of such structures or at any time thereafter.

It will be understood that, in the case of large structures, the system may be duplicated, as it were-that is, a series of two or more entrance-pipes may be provided, each having an air-forcer, as herein described, and

a series of two or more exit-pipes, each provided with a ventilator, may be used. In such case a single flushing-tank may be made to answer for all the air-supply pipes, or one may be provided for each, according to which may be deemed most desirable and convenient. I desire to have it distinctly understood that I reserve to myself the privilege to these and to all other modifications which may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesl. The combination,with the main entrance pipe, of the herein-described air receiving and forcing device, consisting, essentially, of an elbowpipe swiveled or pivoted at the upper end of the said entrance-pipe and provided with a funnelshaped mouth, the bottom of which has a longitudinal groove or gutter, said funnel'being provided at or near its inner end with one or more interiorly-located annular flanges and a vane for keeping the said funnel-shaped mouth to the wind, sub stantially as herein described, for the purpose shown and specified.

2. In a system of ventilation, the combination, with the vital-air pipe connected with the apartments of the structure to which it is applied by a system of branch pipes having cocks or valves opening into the said apartments, of a flushing-tank located in an upper story or upon the roof of the structure to which the invention is applied andapipehaving a stop-cock or valve connecting the said flushing'tank with the main entrance-pipe, substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and specified.

3. In a system of ventilation, the combination, with the main foulair-exit pipe, of the hereindescribed ventilator, the same consisting of an elbow-pipe pivoted or fitted to revolve upon the upper end of said foul-air pipe and having a mouth or funnel, thebottom of which is provided With a longitudinal groove or gutter, and the inner end of which is provided with one or more interior annular flanges, a vane attached to the horizontal arm of the elbow-pipe, and aflaring or funnel-shaped flange at the exit end of the said elbow-pipe, all arranged and operatingsubstantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

4. In a system of ventilation, the combination, with a dwelling-house or other suitable structure having a chimney or smoke-flue, of

the foul-air-exit pipe located for the greater portion of its length within the said chimney or smoke-flue, but leaving it near the upper end and terminating in a vertical extension, a ventilator or exhausting device attached to the upper end of the said foul-air pipe, aventilator attached to the upper end of the chimney, and a system of branch pipes connecting the said foul-air pipe with the apartments to be ventilated and provided with cocks or valves opening into the said apartments, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereunto affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS J. SIMPSON.

Witnesses:

WM. BAGGER, ARTHUR L. MonsELL. 

